Physics Form 4 Keywords

PHYSICS FORM 4 KEYWORDS

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PHYSICS

1. Base quantities is a physical quantities that cannot be defined in terms of other physical quantities.
2. Derived quantities is a physical quantities that derived from combination of base quantities through multiplication, division or both.
3. Scalar quantities is a physical quantities which have magnitude only.
4. Vector quantities is a physical quantities which have magnitude and direction.
5. Systemic errors are errors caused by the condition of the measuring instrument or environment when measurement are taken.
6. Random errors are errors due to mistakes made when measurements are taken either through incorrect positioning of the eye or sudden change of environment factors.
7. Zero error is a measuring instrument that does not exactly start from zero.
8. Parallax error is an error due to the incorrect positioning of the eye when taking a reading.
9. Consistency is the ability of a measuring instrument to give readings with a very small deviation or no deviation from the mean value.
10. Accuracy is the ability of a measuring instrument to give readings nearest or almost equal to the actual value.
11. Sensitivity is the ability of a measuring instrument to detect a very small changes in the quantity being measured.

CHAPTER 2: FORCES AND MOTION

1. Linear motion is the total length of the path travelled of the path travelled by an object from one point to the other.
2. Acceleration is the change of velocity against time.
3. Inertia is the tendency of an object to maintain its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is acted upon by an external force.
4. Newton's First Law- An object which is at rest will remain stationary or a moving object will move with constant velocity if there is no external forces acting on it.
5. Momentum is the product of mass of an object and its velocity.
6. Newton's Second Law of Motion- When a net force acts on the object, the acceleration of the object is directly proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is inversely proportional to its mass.
7. Impulse is the product of impulsive force, F acting on an object for a time of impact, t.
8. Impulsive force ia a large force that acts over a short period of time during collision or explosion.
9. Gravitational field strength, g is the gravitational force acting on a unit mass in the field.
10. Gravitational acceleration is the acceleration of an object due to the pull of the gravitational force.
11. Weight, W is the measurement of the gravitational force on the body.
12. Mass, m is the measurement of the quantity of matter in the body.
13. Forces in equilibrium is where an object is said to be in equilibrium when all the forces that act on the object are balanced in all directions.
14. Newton's Third Law of Motion- For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.
15. Resultant force is the forces acting on a body can be combined into a single force.
16. Work is done when a force alter the direction of the object to move towards the direction of the force applied.
17. Energy is the potential or the ability to do work.
18. Potential energy is energy possessed by an object due to its hsape or position.
19. Gravitational potential energy is energy carried by an object due to its different height above the Earth surface.
20. Power, P is the rate of which work is done or rate of energy transformed.
21. Efficiency is the percentage of the input energy that is transformed to a useful form of output energy.
22. Elasticity is the ability of an object to return to its original shape and dimensions when the applied external force is removed.
23. Hooke's Law is the extension or compression of a spring is directly proportional to the force acting on it provided the elastic limit of the spring is not exceeded.
24. Spring constant, k indicates the stiffness or hardness of the spring.

CHAPTER 3: FORCES AND PRESSURE

1. Pressure is the perpendicular force acting on a unit area.
2. Manometer is used to measure the differences in gas or liquid pressure.
3. Bourdon Pressure Gauge is used to measure a very high pressure.
4. Archimedes' Principle: When an object is totally or partially immersed in a fluid, the upthrust or buoyant force on its equal to the weight of fluid displaced.
5. Principle of floatation is the weight of an object floatingon the surface of a liquid is equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the object.\
6. Bernoulli's Principle- In a steady flow of fluid (liquids and gases), the pressure in the fluid is low when the velocity of the fluid is high and vice versa.
   
   
   CHAPTER 4: HEAT

1. Temperature is the degree of hotness.
2. Heat is a form of energy.
3. Thermal equilibrium is a condition where two objects in thermal contact reach the same temperature and no net heat transfers between them.
4. Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degree Celcius or 1 Kelvin (K).
5. Sea breeze is the movement of cool air from the sea towards the land.
6. Land breeze is the movement of cool air from the land towards the sea.

CHAPTER 5: LIGHT

1. Light is a form of energy.
2. Light rays are the path and direction which light energy flows.
3. Regular reflection is when the light is reflected from a smooth surface in one direction only.
4. Diffuse reflection is when the light is reflected from an uneven surface and is scattered in all directions.
5. Laws of Reflection- The angle of incident, I is equal to the angle of reflection, r.
6. Refraction of Light- The bending of light rays when it passes from one medium to another due to different optical densities and change in the velocity of light.
7. Law of Refraction- The incident ray, refracted ray and the normal at the point of incidence, all lie on the same plane.
8. Real depth, D is the distance of the real object, O from the surface of the water.
9. Apparent depth, d is the distance of the image, I from the surface of the water.
10. Power of lenses is a measure of the ability of the lens to converge or diverge an incident beam of light.

COMPARISON OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Form 5 Chapter 1:

COMPARISON OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Blood

1. Red in colour
2. Damage to blood vessels causes obvious signs such as bleeding
3. Blood vessels damage produces swelling, containing low protein fluid.

Lymph

1. Colourless
2. Damage to the lymphatic system is difficult to detect until swelling occurs.
3. Lymphatic vessel damage produces swelling, containing protein rich fluid.

Cardiovascular System

1. A closed system
2. Forms a continuous circuit throughout the body
3. It contains of heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.

Lymphatic System

1. An open system
2. No heart
3. Not found in tissues of central nervous system, cartilage, bone, bone marrow, placenta, cornea and teeth.
4. Consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries and lymphatic organs.
5. This structures set up enables lymph which originates from blood to be drained back into the blood circulatory system.
6. Lymph vessels have a lot of valves
7. The lymph vessels are thinner than veins
8. The LV. Contain lymph nodes located at intervals.

Artery

1. 3-layered
2. Consists of epithelial tissues, the smooth muscles and connective tissues.

Vein

1. 3-layered
2. Less elastic than arteries
3. Have valves
   
   

Filtration

1. Blood is filtered by kidneys.
2. The kidney removes waste products such as urea and excess fluids.
3. Filtered fluids are returned to cardiovascular system
4. However, the kidneys do not filter debris, toxins and pathogens

1. On the other hand, lymph is filtered by lymph nodes.
2. These lymph nodes remove some fluid and debris, toxins and pathogens
3. Pathogens and some cancer cells are killed in lymph nodes by macrophages and lymphocytes

Medium

Cardiovascular System

1. Medium of transport is blood
2. Flows in a continuous closed circuit
3. The blood reaches the cells through the arteries
4. Collects and distributes oxygen, nutrients, waste products and hormones.
5. Consists of liquid plasma

Lymphatic System

1. Medium of transport is lymph
2. The lymph is moved passively
3. Flows in only one direction. 1D...
4. Drainage medium
5. Collects and removes waste products left behind in the tissues.

Pressure

Blood

1. Blood in the arteries is propelled by blood pressure
2. BP is generated by pumping of the heart
3. The blood flows in the vein with the help of muscle movement and valves.

Lymph

1. Not pumped
2. Passively flows from the tissues into the lymph capillaries
3. The lymph flows in the vessels is aided by body movement such as deep breathing, action of skeletal muscles and blood vessels.
4. This characteristic enables excessive materials and wastes to be diffused into the lymphatic vessels effectively

Soalan Ramalan SPM 2012 Sejarah K2

 

 

In The Midst of Hardship Question&Answer

In the Midst of Hardship

At dawn they returned home,

their soaky clothes torn,

and approached the stove,

their limbs marked by scratches,

their legs full of wounds,

but on their brows,

there was not a sign of despair.

The whole day and night just passed,

they had to brave the horrendous flood,

in the water all the time,

between bloated carcasses,

and tiny chips of tree barks,

desperately looking for their son's

albino buffolo that was never found.

They were born admist hardship,

and grew up without a sigh or a complaint,

now they are in the kitchen, making

jokes while rolling their cigarette leaves.

 

 

Questions:

 

1. How do they cope with life's difficulties and disappointments?

They share jokes and smoke

 

2. The line They were born amist hardship implies they...

were fated to be poor.

3. The bloated carcasses [line 11] are symbols of...
death.

4. From the title of the poem we can predict that it is about the...
struggle to find meaning.

5.From stanza 1, describe the condition of the clothes.
The clothes were soaked and torn.

6. From stanza 1, how do you know that they were not worried?
There was not a sign of despair on their brows.

7. From stanza 2, how long were they out in the horrendous flood?
They were out in the horrendous flood for the whole day and night.

Literature Form 4 and 5 Question

Literature Form 4 and 5 Question

Gulp And Gasp

Based on the drama, Gulp and Gasp by John Townsend, what is the character you like the most? Why? Use textual evidence.

My answer:

Based on the drama, 'Gulp and Gasp' by John Townsend, the character that I mostly like is Rose because she is brave. She threatens Lord Septic to expose his evil deed to the Evening News eventhough she is blind and poor.

Secondly, Rose is a loving and caring person. She loves her mother who is sick and needs treatment. Therefore, she sells flowers to earn some money to buy medicine and food. Moreover, she shows her concern for Percy when she first met him. She expresses her love and admiration towards Percy when he rescues her.

Lastly, she is a hardworking person. She does not allow her dissability to stop her from selling flowers eventhough it was in the cold foggy night. Not only she sells flowers to buy medicine for her mother but she also works to get money for her eye operation.

(You can elaborate more)

The Fruitcake Special

Based on the short story, 'The Fruitcake Special' by Frank Brennan, choose an event that you find interesting. What lessons do you learn from the event? Use textual evidence to support your answer.

My answer:

The event that I find interesting in the short story “The Fruitcake Special” by Frank Brennon is when David Amos expresses his love for Anna in front of Sabina at a dinner table in a French Restaurant.

The first lesson that I learnt from the event is that love love should be mutual. David only loves Anna when she puts on the perfume. Sabina, David's new girlfriend is materialistic. She loves David for his wealth. Another victim of Anna's perfume is the waiter. The waiter plays a song at the table for Anna which cause a fight between him and David.

Secondly, I learnt that we shouldn't judge a book by its cover. David Amos only prefers to be with pretty young models. Sabina, his girlfriend may be beautiful on the outside but she is a cruel person.

Lastly, I learnt that we shouldn't be deceived by flattery. When Anna puts on her 'fruit-cake special' perfume, David Amos becomes nice to her. David keeps on calling her 'darling'. Anna knows something is wrong with him and don't give in to his sweet talk.

These are the evidences given for the event that I choose based on the short story, Fruit Cake Special by Frank Brennan.

SMKTM UK1 Kertas Ujian Add Math